一、球閥
1、 Ball valve
球閥，啟閉件（球體）由閥桿帶動，并繞球閥軸線作旋轉運動的閥門。
Ball valve, a valve whose opening and closing parts (ball) are driven by the valve stem and rotate around the axis of the ball valve.
特點：
characteristic:
1、耐磨：由于硬密封球閥的閥芯是合金鋼噴焊，密封圈是合金鋼堆焊，所以硬密封球閥在開關時不會產生太大的磨損。（它的硬度系數為65-70）：
1. Wear resistance: since the core of hard seal ball valve is alloy steel spray welding and the seal ring is alloy steel surfacing, hard seal ball valve will not have too much wear when opening and closing. (Its hardness coefficient is 65-70):
2、密封性能好：由于硬密封球閥的密封是采用人工研磨，直到閥芯與密封圈完全吻合才能使用。所以他的密封性能是可靠的。
2. Good sealing performance: since the hard seal ball valve is sealed by manual grinding, it cannot be used until the valve core and the seal ring are completely matched. Therefore, its sealing performance is reliable.
3、開關輕：由于硬密封球閥的密封圈底部采用彈簧使密封圈與閥芯緊緊抱在一起，所以在外界力量超過彈簧的預緊力時開關非常輕。
3. Light switch: because the bottom of the seal ring of the hard seal ball valve uses a spring to tightly hold the seal ring and the valve core together, the switch is very light when the external force exceeds the pre tightening force of the spring.
4、使用壽命長：已廣泛應用于石油、化工、發電、造紙、原子能、航空、火箭等各部門，以及人們日常生活中。
4. Long service life: it has been widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, power generation, paper making, atomic energy, aviation, rocket and other sectors, as well as in people's daily life.
優點：
advantage:
1、流體阻力小，其阻力系數與同長度的管段相等。
1. The fluid resistance is small, and its resistance coefficient is equal to that of pipe sections with the same length.
2、結構簡單、體積小、重量輕。
2. Simple structure, small volume and light weight.
3、緊密可靠，且球閥的密封面材料廣泛使用塑料、密封性好，在真空系統中也已廣泛使用。
3. It is tight and reliable, and the sealing surface material of the ball valve is widely made of plastic, with good sealing performance. It has also been widely used in the vacuum system.
4、操作方便，開閉迅速，從全開到全關只要旋轉90°，便于遠距離的控制。
4. It is easy to operate and can be opened and closed quickly. Only 90 ° rotation is required from full opening to full closing, which is convenient for remote control.
5、維修方便，球閥結構簡單，密封圈一般都是活動的，拆卸更換都比較方便。
5. It is easy to maintain, the ball valve is simple in structure, the sealing ring is generally movable, and it is convenient to remove and replace.
6、適用范圍廣，通徑從小到幾毫米，大到幾米，高真空或高壓力都可應用。
6. It is applicable to a wide range of applications, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters in diameter, and can be applied to high vacuum or high pressure.
二、閘閥
2、 Gate valve
（一）明桿閘閥：轉動手輪，通過手輪與閥桿的螺紋的進、退，提升或下降與閥桿連接的閥板，達到開啟和關閉的作用。
（1） Rising stem gate valve: turn the handwheel to open and close the valve plate connected with the valve stem through the advance and retreat of the thread between the handwheel and the valve stem, and lift or lower the valve plate connected with the valve stem.
明桿閘閥具有以下優點：
Rising stem gate valve has the following advantages:
1、流體阻力小 , 密封面受介質的沖刷和侵蝕小。
1. The fluid resistance is small, and the sealing surface is less scoured and eroded by the medium.
2、開閉較省力。
2. It is easier to open and close.
3、介質流向不受限制 , 不擾流、不降低壓力。
3. The flow direction of the medium is not restricted, the flow is not disturbed and the pressure is not reduced.
4、形體簡單 , 結構長度短，制造工藝性好，適用范圍廣。
4. Simple shape, short structure length, good manufacturing process and wide application range.
明桿閘閥的缺點如下：
The disadvantages of rising stem gate valve are as follows:
1、密封面之間易引起沖蝕和擦傷，維修比較困難。
1. Erosion and abrasion are easily caused between sealing surfaces, and maintenance is relatively difficult.
2、外形尺寸較大，開啟需要一定的空間，開閉時間長。
2. The overall dimension is large, opening requires a certain space, and the opening and closing time is long.
3、結構較復雜。
3. The structure is complex.

（二）暗桿閘閥：又叫旋轉桿閘閥 ( 亦叫暗桿楔式閘閥)。閥桿螺母設在閘板上，手輪轉動帶動閥桿轉動 , 而使閘板提升，通常在閥桿的底端有梯形螺紋，通過閥門底端的螺紋以及閥瓣上的導槽，將旋轉運動變為直線運動，也就是將操作轉矩變為操作推力。
（2） Non rising stem gate valve: also called rotary stem gate valve (also called non rising stem wedge gate valve). The valve stem nut is set on the gate, and the handwheel rotates to drive the valve stem to rotate, thus lifting the gate. Generally, there is a trapezoidal thread at the bottom of the valve stem. Through the thread at the bottom of the valve and the guide groove on the valve disc, the rotary motion is changed into linear motion, that is, the operating torque is changed into the operating thrust.
三、蝶閥：蝶閥又叫翻板閥，是一種結構簡單的調節閥，可用于低壓管道介質的開關控制的蝶閥是指關閉件（閥瓣或蝶板）為圓盤，圍繞閥軸旋轉來達到開啟與關閉的一種閥。
3、 Butterfly valve: also known as flap valve, it is a kind of regulating valve with simple structure. The butterfly valve that can be used for switching control of low pressure pipeline medium refers to a valve whose closing piece (disc or butterfly plate) is a disc and rotates around the valve axis to open and close.
四、截止閥：止回閥是指依靠介質本身流動而自動開、閉閥瓣，用來防止介質倒流的閥門，又稱逆止閥、單向閥、逆流閥、和背壓閥。止回閥屬于一種自動閥門，其主要作用是防止介質倒流、防止泵及驅動電動機反轉，以及容器介質的泄放。
4、 Stop valve: check valve refers to the valve that automatically opens and closes the valve clack depending on the flow of the medium itself to prevent the backflow of the medium, also known as check valve, one-way valve, backflow valve and back pressure valve. The check valve belongs to an automatic valve, which is mainly used to prevent the backflow of medium, prevent the reverse rotation of pump and drive motor, and discharge the container medium.
五、閥：閥是啟閉件受外力作用下處于常閉狀態，當設備或管道內的介質壓力升高超過規定值時，通過向系統外排放介質來防止管道或設備內介質壓力超過規定數值的特殊閥門。閥屬于自動閥類，主要用于鍋爐、壓力容器和管道上，控制壓力不超過規定值，對人身和設備運行起重要保護作用。
5、 Safety valve: safety valve is a special valve that is normally closed under the action of external forces on the opening and closing parts. When the medium pressure in the equipment or pipeline rises beyond the specified value, it prevents the medium pressure in the pipeline or equipment from exceeding the specified value by discharging medium outside the system. Safety valves are automatic valves, mainly used in boilers, pressure vessels and pipelines. The control pressure does not exceed the specified value, which plays an important role in protecting personal safety and equipment operation.
六、低泄高封閥：低泄高封閥的作用：是為了防止系統由于驅動氣體泄漏的累積而引起系統的誤動作而在管路中設置的閥門。它安裝在系統啟動管路上，正常情況下處于開啟狀態，只有在進口壓力達到設定壓力時才關閉，其主要作用是排除由于氣源泄漏積
6、 Low discharge and high sealing valve: the function of low discharge and high sealing valve is to prevent the system from misoperation due to the accumulation of drive gas leakage. It is installed on the startup pipeline of the system, which is normally open. It is closed only when the inlet pressure reaches the set pressure. Its main function is to eliminate the accumulation due to air source leakage
七、減壓閥
7、 Pressure reducing valve
（一）比例減壓閥：導閥的開啟都是利用頂部的調節螺栓順時針方向擰動，使彈簧縮產生的彈力，使導閥膜片向下凹陷，作用在導閥連桿上的力，使之向下位移打開導閥。當導閥開啟后，上游進汽管段A腔的蒸汽通過α通道（供汽調節通道），經過導閥進入導閥環形汽腔，由β通道直接送到下面的活塞汽缸上腔。在A腔蒸汽不斷的供給下，壓力持續升高，推動活塞下行打開主閥，這時蒸汽源源不斷從A腔流B腔。當下游出口管段B腔負荷滿足的情況下，余多的蒸汽又使B腔內的壓力不斷升高。不斷升高的壓力通過γ通道（壓力感應通道）反饋到導閥膜片下腔，使導閥膜片向上突起，克服了上部調節彈簧的壓力，導閥被關小或關閉。從而，關小或關閉來自上游α通道的蒸汽源。當活塞汽缸上腔壓力下降時，在下面復位彈簧的作用下，主閥被關小或關閉，這時B腔內的壓力開始下降，這樣周而復始達到調壓的目的。
（1） Proportional reducing valve: the pilot valve is opened by screwing the adjusting bolt at the top clockwise to make the spring shrink and make the pilot valve diaphragm sag downward. The force acting on the pilot valve connecting rod makes it move downward to open the pilot valve. When the pilot valve is opened, the steam in cavity A of upstream steam inlet pipe section passes through α The channel (steam supply regulating channel) enters the pilot valve annular steam chamber through the pilot valve β The passage is directly sent to the upper chamber of the piston cylinder below. With the constant supply of steam in chamber A, the pressure continues to rise, pushing the piston downward to open the main valve, and at this time, the steam continuously flows from chamber A to chamber B. When the load of cavity B in the downstream outlet pipe section is satisfied, the excess steam makes the pressure in cavity B rise continuously. Increasing pressure through γ The channel (pressure sensing channel) feeds back to the lower chamber of the pilot valve diaphragm, making the pilot valve diaphragm bulge upward, overcoming the pressure of the upper regulating spring, and the pilot valve is turned down or closed. Thus, turn down or turn off from upstream α Steam source of the channel. When the pressure in the upper chamber of the piston cylinder drops, the main valve is turned down or closed under the action of the lower return spring. At this time, the pressure in chamber B starts to drop, so that the purpose of pressure regulation can be achieved repeatedly.
（二）直接式減壓閥：直接作用彈簧薄膜式減壓閥直接作用彈簧薄膜式減壓閥主要由調節彈簧、膜片、活塞、閥座、閥瓣等零件組成。利用膜片直接傳感下游壓力驅動閥瓣，控制閥瓣開度完成減壓穩壓功能。
（2） Direct pressure reducing valve: Direct acting spring diaphragm pressure reducing valve Direct acting spring diaphragm pressure reducing valve is mainly composed of adjusting spring, diaphragm, piston, valve seat, valve clack and other parts. The diaphragm directly senses the downstream pressure to drive the valve disc, and controls the opening of the valve disc to complete the function of pressure reduction and stabilization.
（三）先導式穩壓減壓閥：先導式減壓閥是采用控制閥體內的啟閉件的開度來調節介質的流量，將介質的壓力降低，同時借助閥后壓力的作用調節啟閉件的開度，使閥后壓力保持在一定范圍內，在進口壓力不斷變化的情況下，保持出口壓力在設定的范圍內，保護其后的生活生產器具。
（3） Pilot pressure stabilizing and reducing valve: The pilot pressure reducing valve regulates the flow of medium by controlling the opening of the opening and closing parts in the valve body to reduce the pressure of the medium. At the same time, the opening of the opening and closing parts is adjusted by virtue of the effect of the pressure behind the valve to keep the pressure behind the valve within a certain range. In the case of constant changes in the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure is kept within the set range to protect the subsequent living and production appliances.
八、浮球閥：浮漂始終都要漂在水上，當水面上漲時，浮漂也跟著上升。漂上升就帶動連桿也上升。連桿與另一端的閥門相連，當上升到一定位置時，連桿支起橡膠活塞墊，封閉水源。當水位下降時，浮漂也下降，連桿又帶動活塞墊開啟。
8、 Float valve: The float always floats on the water. When the water surface rises, the float also rises. When the float rises, the connecting rod will also rise. The connecting rod is connected to the valve at the other end. When it rises to a certain position, the connecting rod supports the rubber piston pad to seal the water source. When the water level drops, the float also drops, and the connecting rod drives the piston pad to open.
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